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SIR WILLIAM CROOKES ON PSYCHICAL RESEARCH.
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I adhere to my already published statements. Indeed, I
might add much thereto. I regret only a certain crudity in
those early expositions which, no doubt justly, militated
against their acceptance by the scientific world. My own
knowledge at that time scarcely extended beyond the fact
that certain phenomena new to science had assuredly
occurred, and were attested by my own sober senses and,
better still, by automatic record. I was like some
two-dimensional being who might stand at the singular
point of a Riemann's surface, and thus find himself in
infinitesimal and inexplicable contact with a plane of
existence not his own.
I think I see a little farther now. I have glimpses of
something like coherence among the strange elusive
phenomena; of something like continuity between those
unexplained forces and laws already known. This advance is
largely due to the labors of another association, of which
I have also this year the honor to be president-the
Society for Psychical Research. And were I now introducing
for the first time these inquiries to the world of science
I should choose a starting point different from that of
old. It would be well to begin with telepathy;
with the fundamental law, as I believe it to be, that
thoughts and images may be transferred from one mind to
another without the agency of the recognized organs of
sense-that knowledge may enter the human mind without
being communicated in any hitherto known or recognized
ways.
Although the inquiry has elicited important facts with
reference to the mind, it has not yet reached the
scientific stage of certainty which would entitle it to be
usefully brought before one of our sections. I will
therefore confine myself to pointing out the direction in
which scientific investigation can legitimately advance.
If telepathy takes place we have two physical facts-the
physical change in the brain of A, the suggester, and the
analogous, physical change in the brain of B, the
recipient of the suggestion. Between these two physical
events there must exist a train of physical causes.
Whenever the connecting sequence of intermediate causes
begins to be revealed, the inquiry will then come within
the range of one of the sections of the British
association. Such a sequence can only occur through an
intervening medium. All the phenomena of the universe are
presumably in some way continuous, and it is unscientific
to call in the aid of mysterious agencies when, with every
fresh advance in knowledge, it is shown that ether
vibrations have powers and attributes abundantly equal to
any demand-even to the transmission of thought. It is
supposed by some physiologists that the essential cells of
nerves do not actually touch, but are separated by a
narrow gap which widens in sleep, while it narrows almost
to extinction during mental activity. This condition is so
singularly like that of a Branly or Lodge coherer as to
suggest a further analogy. The structure of brain and
nerves being similar, it is conceivable there may be
present masses of such nerve coherers in the brain whose
special function it may be to receive impulses brought
from without through the connecting sequence of ether
waves of appropriate order of magnitude.
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